
PART IV: LIVING ABROAD
Cultural Adjustment and Exploration
Knowing what you might expect when you first arrive in your host country can ease your transition to living abroad and help you make the most of the experience from the start. While what follows provides information and advice on how to avoid potential problems that could occur overseas, it is not meant to suggest that the experience before you -- living and learning on foreign soil, in a culture not you own -- is something you should fear. Indeed, it should be one of the most enriching, fulfilling, interesting, and educational experiences of your entire life. This is what it has been, in any case, for nearly all students who have undertaken it.
After Immigration, comes Customs. You will be asked to declare (perhaps in writing) if you are carrying certain items in your luggage. Be sure to declare any restricted items, as luggage may be opened and checked. Always be respectful and polite. Never make jokes about bombs or illegal drugs. This kind of behavior can get you detained by the police.
| Student travelers are sometimes viewed suspiciously by Immigration and Customs officials. It helps to dress neatly and be well-groomed. |
The purpose of on-site orientation is two-fold: To review what you learned from your pre-departure preparations and to provide you with current site-specific information and perspectives about your surroundings which may not be possible at a distance and beforehand.
It is likely to cover the following areas:
Introduction to the program - Your registration for course work will be confirmed. You'll learn about the program rules and academic requirements, and you will be given information on social and cultural events and opportunities.
Health information - You'll be told about any special health precautions to take in the local environment.
Safety information - How to lessen the chance of becoming the victim of a crime or an accident while you are abroad and how to behave so as to maximize your personal safety vis-a-vis crime and violence.
Personal conduct - How to behave in ways appropriate to your status as a guest in your new environment. You cannot use the excuse of being "foreign" if you disobey the civil and criminal laws of the country.
Notifying local authorities - Your program representative should help you register with the local authorities, if this is required, and with the U.S. embassy or consulate so that you can be located in case of an emergency.
Housing - You may be taken to your dorm or apartment or introduced to your host family.
Language Training - Some programs offer basic training in the host language as part of orientation. Introduction to the local culture: lectures, tours, meetings, etc. on the local culture.
Communications - You'll be told about the options for keeping in touch with your family and friends at home.
Independent travel - Your program representative may be able to provide information on methods of travel, how to arrange it, and any safety factors involved.
Training - Most of what you need to be aware of will be provided, but the settling-in process must be lived through on an individual basis.
Q: What if one or more of your pre-approved classes isn't available, or you change your mind?
A: Contact your advisor at your home university immediately to ask for approval of substitution
courses.
Q: What if you didn't know in advance what courses were available?
A: As soon as you know which courses you can enroll in, let your advisor know and request
approval of the courses you've selected.
Q: What if you attend a U.S. college that approves study abroad courses only after students return?
A: Be sure to bring back information about all courses you took, including syllabi, reading
lists, class notes, papers, tests, and portfolios. (This is a good idea for anyone who studies
abroad, in case questions arise about how to evaluate a class or determine a grade.)
CULTURAL ADJUSTMENT AND EXPLORATION
Living and learning overseas successfully usually means adjustment to a different lifestyle, food, climate, and time zone, often accompanied by the necessity of learning to communicate in a foreign language. This process is never easy and can include mood swings alternating between heady exhilaration and mild depression. In the early weeks, you will probably feel excited about your new experiences and environment. Soon, you may find the excitement of new surroundings and sensations increasingly replaced by frustration with how different things are from home.
Even if you are used to being away from your family, you may still have problems. After all, you
are now away from everything that's familiar. There are numerous ways to combat your feelings of
disorientation until they pass (as they usually do):
In sum, since there is almost no way to avoid culture shock completely, you should try to accept it as something everyone goes through. Keep in mind that students returning from study abroad often describe working their way through culture shock as a necessary maturing experience, something that provided insight into their own cultural assumptions. You can ease your transition by recognizing the factors that cause culture shock and taking steps to minimize them.
For most students, the symptoms of culture shock wane after the first few weeks or months, as they begin to understand their host culture better. However, if you find that feelings of irritability and depression linger, you may need help from a doctor or counselor. Your program director or the international students office at your host university should be able to direct you to counseling or support organizations.
In some countries more than others, there is an unflattering stereotype of an American tourist, one who throws money around, drinks too much, is loud and rude, expects all foreigners to speak English, thinks the United States is better than any other country, and is always in a hurry. There are other countries in which all Americans are seen as happy, cheerful, carefree, and above all rich. Locals in your host country may assume parts or all of this to be true about you, simply because you are from the United States. Remember that their images of what 'Americans' are like are based on the other Americans they have seen, if not in person, then indirectly through our movies and media. Such is the nature of stereotyping. The challenge is to go beyond misleading images and false impressions, so that you and they can be yourselves, and mutual understanding can deepen over time.
Understanding local customs will help you feel a part of the new culture and avoid potentially embarrassing situations. Especially if you are not fluent in the local language, your body language is often what expresses you. Saying hello or goodbye via a simple hand gesture is, for example, done quite differently from place to place, even within Europe. When to shake hands or kiss is signaled between people in different ways from country to country. How close to sit or stand when talking also varies greatly. These are just a few of the many simple habits for you to learn and then follow in order not to give unintended offense.
Brigham Young University's Culture Grams offer many insights on customs and lifestyles of individual countries. Phone 1-800-528-6279, or visit the BYU website at www.culturegrams.com.
Observe how local women your age act and dress and try to do likewise. In spite of your efforts, however, you may find that you are harassed. In some countries, women are routinely whistled at, pinched, and even grabbed -- especially foreign women. This may be because, in some countries, the cultural stereotype of western women is that they are promiscuous. You can minimize unwanted attention by taking the following steps:
Dress modestly. Avoid sleeveless tops and short skirts, even in hot climates. Try to dress in the same style as the local women. Avoid making eye contact with men in the street. What may seem to you like simple friendliness might be interpreted as flirtation to a man from a country where women keep their eyes down. Watch the local women; see how they avoid and turn away unwanted attention, and mimic their behavior. Take a friend with you when you go out at night or to an unfamiliar area. In some countries, young unmarried women never go out alone. Arrange a public meeting place when you get together with people you don't know well.
Issues regarding sexual orientation are often included in materials prepared by study abroad offices and program providers. Check to see what information is available regarding GLBT issues from the programs in which you are interested. Travel guides, web resources, and your institutional GLBT office can provide additional valuable information.
For a bibliography regarding sexual orientation issues in countries outside the U.S, check the following Web site maintained by NAFSA: Association of International Educator's LesBiGay Special Interest Group: http://www.indiana.edu/~overseas/lesbigay.
You have the best odds of staying healthy abroad if you come prepared, are careful about what you eat and drink, and don't engage in risky behavior that can jeopardize your health.
The old adage for eating abroad is "Peel it, boil it, cook it, or forget it." Ask your program director, your host family, or local students if you need to take these precautions in your host country. If you do, peel all fruits and vegetables before eating them; anything that can't be peeled should be cooked thoroughly. This means no green salads. In areas where sanitation is poor, avoid unpasteurized milk and cheese made from unpasteurized milk. In some areas, it is unhealthy to eat food sold from stalls on the street. In others, "street food" is fresh and high quality. Consult friends from your host country before you sample food sold from stalls.
Other sexually transmitted diseases, such as syphilis and herpes, are also present worldwide. Use the necessary precautions to avoid these diseases.
Get up-to-date travel health advisories from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, www.cdc.gov/travel.
Travel Health Online offers links to physicians, U.S. State Department publications, and other health information. Contact them at www.tripprep.com.
If you are enrolled in a study abroad program, listen carefully to the director when you are told about safety conditions and concerns in your host country. You can also receive general information by following the international news in newspapers and on all-news television channels such as CNN, though this is often sensationalized and does not accord with local accounts. Safety information on all countries is available from knowledgeable sources on campus, including the study abroad office, and from the U.S. State Department.
The most important factor in your safety abroad is likely to be your behavior. It's wise to do the following:
Try to understand the cultural context of these laws and regulations. If you disagree with them, it's fine to discuss your feelings with other North American participants in your program. You may also want to write about objectionable conditions in your journal. However, be careful about discussing your feelings with your host family or local students, until you know their views and the cultural context better. They may well be embarrassed to hear their country criticized. They may risk trouble by talking about issues that may not be discussed openly in their society. If you object so strongly to local laws or customs that you don't think you can follow them, it may be advisable to choose a different country. Talk to your study abroad advisor in the early stages of your planning.
U.S. notions regarding freedom of speech and expression have no parallel in many countries. It is important to realize that civil rights protections and U.S. legal procedures don't apply in other countries. People who are arrested are typically held without bail until their trial. Prison conditions in many countries can be wretched, and the U.S. idea of "innocent until proven guilty" may not apply.
U.S. embassies and consulates are able to offer only limited assistance to U.S. visitors who break laws. If you are arrested, they can contact your family and provide you with a list of local attorneys. They can visit you in prison to see that you are being treated humanely. They cannot, however, provide free legal assistance or money for bail. Most importantly, they cannot get you out of jail.
Buying and Using the National Currency
To live in a foreign country, you will need to learn how to use a new currency. Start by learning
the exchange rate between U.S. dollars and the local currency before you leave home. Then try to
think in the local currency. Prior to departure, you can find out what the latest exchange rate
is in your host country and other countries you plan to visit by contacting
www.xe.com/ucc or any of many currency
exchange websites. Remember that there will be daily fluctuations.
U.S. dollars can be exchanged abroad for the local currency at banks and exchange bureaus. Exchange rates vary slightly or significantly, from place to place and over time. In Europe, you can get acceptable exchange rates at railroad stations, and in some Asian countries, hotels may offer the best rate. Shop around for the best rate in your area. Don't be tempted by people who offer to exchange money on the street, or "black market." This is illegal in most countries.
If the U.S. dollar is strong, you can save money by exchanging all your money at once. As you near the end of your time abroad, remember to exchange only as much money as you'll need. In some countries, hard currency restrictions limit the amount of foreign currency that can be changed back into U.S. dollars, particularly if the original exchange receipts have been misplaced.
| Exchange enough money at the airport exchange bureau to get you through the first few days. The exchange rate may be less advantageous than at a bank, but the convenience is well worth it. |
ATMs Abroad
Automated teller machines (ATMs) are available in an ever-growing number of locations throughout
the world, especially throughout Western Europe, connecting U.S. ATMs with those abroad. If your
bank is part of an international network (check on this in advance) you can use your ATM card to
obtain cash in the local currency from your bank account in the United States. Generally, the
exchange rate is favorable because it's the same one the banks get when exchanging money.
In order to use ATMs abroad, your PIN code must be no longer than four digits. Be sure to memorize the numbers as well as the letters -- some ATMs abroad have number pads without letters. Ask your bank for a worldwide directory of its ATMs. If your ATM card is part of the Cirrus network, you can find the location of these ATMs abroad by calling 1-800-424-7787. You can also get information on whether your host country has ATMs on your network by contacting: www.mastercard.com or www.visa.com.
Traveler's Checks
Traveler's checks are the safest way to carry money abroad. If they are lost or stolen, they can
be replaced. Make sure you record the check numbers, and keep this separate from the checks.
You can purchase traveler's checks in U.S. dollars, which are accepted in many countries
worldwide. Traveler's checks are also available in other major currencies, such as Eurodollars,
German Marks and Japanese Yen. Most banks and many travel agencies sell traveler's checks;
they generally cost about one percent of the total amount you buy.
Getting Money in an Emergency
If you run out of money or an emergency comes up while you're abroad, there are several options
for getting money from home.
Wiring Money
Cash or traveler's checks can be wired to you through companies such as Western
Union or an American Express office (located in major cities). This service is fast but expensive.
Postal Money Orders
A family member or friend can buy a money order from a U.S. post office and
send it to you. You'll be paid the amount of the money order at your local post office. Postal
money orders have the advantage of being inexpensive, but the disadvantage of being slow: they
take as long to get to you as an airmail letter.
Credit Cards
Credit cards are good for emergencies or major travel expenses. They also offer good
rates of exchange. Before you go, find out what privileges cardholders with your credit card have
when abroad.
Personal Checks
Some study abroad programs have an arrangement with a local bank to cash their students' checks.
If yours does not, you are unlikely to be able to cash checks abroad. The exception is if you
establish a bank account abroad, which may be a good idea if your program is for an academic or
calendar year. In addition, some credit cards offer check-cashing privileges. At American Express
offices abroad, for example, you can cash a U.S. check for up to $1,000 if you are an American
Express cardholder.
Lost or Stolen Money
Record the toll-free service numbers for your credit card company, bank, and the company that
issued your traveler's checks. If you lose any of them, or they are stolen, you can immediately
contact the issuing company for instructions on how to get them replaced. Choose a credit card
company that has offices in your host country, so you can get a replacement locally if necessary.
To keep your money as safe as possible, take the following precautions: Exchange money only in banks or other authorized exchange bureaus. Never exchange it on the black market. Carry only as much money as you need for a day. Use the same precautions when using ATMs (automated teller machines) as you would at home. The safest units to use are those inside banks or other buildings. Don't leave your purse unattended, even for a moment. Tuck it firmly under your arm; if it has a long strap, wear it across your chest rather than let it dangle off your shoulder. In some areas, a waist pouch or money belt may be the safest way to carry money, especially if it is worn under your clothing.
OTHER TIPS
Keeping in Touch
Communicating with people at home during your stay abroad can help put your parents' minds at
ease. Staying in touch will also give you give you an opportunity to fill in your friends about
what you're experiencing, keeping you connected to familiar circumstances and giving you a chance
to begin telling your story.
Independent Travel
Visiting other areas of your host country and surrounding countries can help you understand other
cultures. It's also just plain fun. But remember that permission from your college and parents for
you to live and learn overseas, and the financial backing for this sojourn, was based on the
assumption that course work taken as part of your U.S. degree studies is your central purpose. Travel
away from your program site should be reserved for occasional weekend getaways, longer trips
during program breaks, or extensive travel after your program ends. Such travel doesn't have to be
a budget-buster if you do some advance planning for getting where you want to go and finding
lodging while there. Most returned students say that getting to know one region really well is
much more worthwhile than the superficial tourism that results from trying to see too many places
in too short a period of time. You are young, and you are likely to be back, so it is best to
resist temptations to race all over, merely accumulating fleeting glimpses and souvenirs to show
off when you get back home.
Before You Return Home
Before you pack your bags, there are a few steps you need to take to make sure your return to the
United States and your home campus goes smoothly.
Staying in Touch with Your New Friends
Get the addresses, phone and fax numbers, and e-mail addresses of people you want to keep in
touch with. Maintaining friendships made abroad will ease your transition to life in the United
States. And if you plan to return to your host country for graduate study or to work, you will
want to be able to contact the people you know there.
Requesting a Transcript
Before you depart, make sure your transcript will be sent to your home university registrar. If
the school you attended doesn't issue transcripts, request an official report listing the courses
you took, your record of attendance, and an evaluation of your work.
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